Advanced and Compassionate Care

What Is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure a doctor uses to view the interior of the colon and rectum. It allows a doctor to check for any irritation, swelling, polyps, ulcers and cancer. Colonoscopy uses a colonoscope, a long, flexible tube the width of a finger with a small video camera and lighting at the end.

Colonoscopy may be recommended if you experience these symptoms:

• Unexplained rectal discharge or bleeding.
• Persistent abdominal pain.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Unexplained diarrhea, incontinence, constipation or other bowel conditions.

Do They Put You to Sleep During a Colonoscopy?

Before a colonoscopy procedure, you can have general anesthesia, putting you in a sleeplike state. Another option is conscious sedation, a combination of relaxation and pain-blocking medications. Talk to your doctor about your anesthesia options in advance.

Here’s what to expect from a colonoscopy:

1. Before the procedure, your doctor will instruct you on what to eat and how to empty your bowel.
2. On the day of the colonoscopy, you will receive medication to help you relax. Most people fall asleep and do not remember the test when they wake up.
3. The doctor will insert a colonoscope through the rectum to examine the lining of your colon. During endoscopy, your doctor can:
   • Inject medications 
   • Put stents 
   • Remove polyps
   • Seal wounds
   • Treat tissues
4. The procedure takes about 30 to 45 minutes. After the procedure, you will not be able to drive home. General anesthesia can slow thought processes, reduce reflexes and cause other side effects. Anesthesia usually takes about 24 hours to wear off completely, so make sure you have arranged a ride home ahead of time.

What Diseases Can be Detected by Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy might help diagnose:

• Colorectal cancer – when cells in the colon or rectum grow out of control.
• Colorectal polyps – growths in the rectum or large intestine.
• Chronic colitis – persistent inflammation of the colon, the main part of the large intestine.
• Intestinal ischemia – a serious condition caused by reduced blood flow to part of the intestine.
• Ischemic colitis – colon inflammation caused by reduced blood flow.
• Diverticulosis – the presence of diverticula or small pouches bulging outward through the colon.
• Diverticulitis – inflammation of the diverticula.
• Ulcers – open and painful sore.
• Colon perforation – tear, puncture or cut in the colon wall.
• Large bowel obstructions – a medical emergency wherein something blocks the large intestine, causing gas and stool to build up and may result in intestine rupture.

Is a Colonoscopy a Painful Procedure?

Since a colonoscopy may involve complete sedation, you will likely remain asleep for the entire procedure. Many people say they can’t remember undergoing the procedure at all. The colonoscope inflates the colon for better viewing by blowing carbon dioxide. Some people may feel a little pressure or gas pain when this happens.

What Happens After a Colonoscopy?

After a colonoscopy, you will be taken to the recovery room for vital-sign monitoring. It is normal to pass gas and experience gas pain during this time. Moving and walking around may ease some pain. Depending on your health condition, you will be given instructions upon discharge, including not drinking alcohol for at least 24 hours. Tell your doctor if you experience:

• A hardened belly.
• Belly swelling or pain.
• Chills or fever.
• Frequent, bloody stools.
• Unable to pass gas.

Seek Care Right Away

When should you start a colorectal cancer screening and how often? The answer may depend on your health risk factors. Abrazo Digestive Specialists are here to help you stay on top of your health.